The global population of individuals aged 65 and above is rising worldwide and this trend is largely irreversible (World Social Report, 2023). Individuals are generally living longer due to general improvements in health and survival and with dropping fertility rates, the age dependency ratio is also increasing, thus the inevitable result of the demographic transition towards longer lives and smaller families. This trend is projected to continue, and the world will see increasing proportions of seniors as time progresses. Figure 1 illustrates a crossover diagram depicting the projected changing ratio between seniors and […]
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Tokenism: What’s in a Label?
In 1977, Rosabeth Kanter published her book, Men and Women of the Corporation, introducing the concept of “tokenism” as she covered women’s general negative experiences working ‘non-traditionally female’ jobs and, particularly, their inability to achieve equality in the workplace, despite their capabilities due to their attributed token status, i.e. their low proportion in a workplace dominated by men. Over the years, the term has expanded to also incorporate workplace policies with voluntary or mandated quotas, especially towards minority groups and/or women, in ways that will not change (gender or ethnic) […]
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